Case library

4D seismic evidence, organized for project work.

Browse documented monitoring projects, locate comparable reservoir settings, and move from a project name to the technical choices and field evidence behind it.

21 monitoring projects 21 technical resources Map + searchable library
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Global monitoring atlas

Use the map to understand geographic coverage and open a concise project summary. The library cards below contain the reusable technical context.

Practical case summaries

Offshore UAE/Qatar

Middle East Carbonate OBN

Detecting subtle pressure depletion in stiff carbonates using high-repeatability OBN.

North Sea, Norway

Gullfaks Main Field

The pioneer of 4D. Identified undrained compartments leading to over $1B in added value since 1996.

North Sea, Norway

Valhall LoFS

First Life-of-Field Seismic (PRM). Over 20 surveys acquired, driving virtually every infill well decision.

Offshore Angola (Block 17)

Girassol

Deepwater turbidite monitoring. Textbook example of tracking water flood fronts in complex channels.

Gulf of Mexico, USA

Atlantis OBN

Sub-salt 4D imaging. Using OBN to see through complex salt bodies where streamers failed.

North Sea, Norway

Ekofisk

Compaction monitoring. Using 4D time-shifts to map pressure depletion and geomechanical arching.

North Sea, UK

Harding

Gas cap and aquifer monitoring. Critical for steering horizontal wells in thin sands.

West of Shetland, UK

Schiehallion

4D in a soft seabed environment. Proven capability to monitor connectivity in complex reservoirs.

North Sea, Norway

Sleipner CCS

The world's first industrial-scale CO2 storage monitoring. 4D seismic proved the safety of geological storage since 1996.

North West Shelf, Australia

Pluto LNG

Asia-Pacific deepwater gas monitoring. Identifying aquifer drive strength and compartment connectivity in a hard seabed setting.

Alberta, Canada

Wister SAGD

Onshore heavy oil monitoring. Using 4D to track steam chambers in shallow sands for thermal recovery optimization.

North Sea, Norway

Johan Sverdrup

Next-gen PRM & Gravity. Combining permanent seismic sensors with borehole gravity to monitor a giant field from day one.

Gulf of Mexico, USA

Mars OBN

Infrastructure-constrained imaging. Using nodes to undershoot the Mars TLP platform, revealing bypassed oil near the facility.

Norwegian Sea

Draugen

Complex tidal reservoir monitoring. Tracking water injection sweeping through heterogeneous Rogn formation sands.

North Sea, UK

Mariner

Visualizing gas-out-of-solution to manage pressure in a heavy oil reservoir, identifying quiet zones versus active hardening responses.

West of Shetland, UK

Clair Ridge

Ultra-high density OBN monitoring of a fractured basement. Successfully imaged through glacial boulders to optimize well placement.

Saskatchewan, Canada

Weyburn-Midale (Spot)

World-first application of Spot Seismic for frequent CO2-EOR monitoring, providing high-temporal resolution at a fraction of 4D cost.

Offshore Angola (Block 15/06)

Agogo OBN

State-of-the-art 4D OBN in deepwater. Resolved complex channel connectivity issues that were previously ambiguous on streamer data.

Heilongjiang, China

Daqing

Pioneering land 4D in China. Successfully mapped remaining oil saturation in mature water-flood compartments to guide infill drilling.

Xinjiang, China

Tarim (Halahatang)

Ultra-deep carbonate monitoring. Using 4D to track gas-injection sweeps in fractured reservoirs at depths exceeding 7,000m.

Campos Basin, Brazil

Jubarte PRM

The world's first ultra-deepwater optical PRM system, proving fiber-optic sensing at 1,300m water depth and informing production-well repositioning.

Technical papers and reports

2005 · Landrø, M. et al.

Gullfaks 4D seismic: 10 years of experience

A definitive summary of how 4D seismic matured from a research experiment to a standard asset management tool, generating over $1B in added value.

2004 · Barkved, O.I. et al.

Life of Field Seismic (LoFS) at Valhall

The case that changed the industry: installing permanent cables on the seabed for frequent, high-repeatability monitoring of a compacting chalk reservoir.

2005 · Lygren, M. et al.

Girassol: A textbook example of 4D seismic monitoring

Demonstrating how 4D amplitudes can perfectly track water flood fronts in high-porosity turbidite channels in deepwater West Africa.

2018 · Khalifa, M. et al.

A Successful 4D Seismic Monitoring in Middle-East Carbonate Reservoir Context

Proving that 4D seismic can work in "stiff" carbonate reservoirs by identifying water front movement and pressure depletion in a giant offshore field.

2012 · Beasley, C. et al.

Atlantis OBN 4D: Imaging below salt

Using Ocean Bottom Nodes (OBN) to achieve 4D repeatability and illumination under complex salt canopies in the Gulf of Mexico.

2014 · Bertrand, A. et al.

Ekofisk 4D: Monitoring compaction and water flood

Using 4D time-shifts to map the geomechanical response of the overburden to reservoir compaction, a critical safety and production metric.

2008 · Dailly, P. et al.

Harding field: 4D seismic imaging of gas injection

Visualizing gas cap expansion and coning to optimize horizontal well placement in a high-quality sandstone reservoir.

2002 · Chapin, M. et al.

Schiehallion: 4D in a soft seabed environment

Early proof that 4D could work in the harsh West of Shetland environment, revealing compartmentalization that altered the drilling program.

2004 · Arts, R. et al.

Sleipner 4D: Time-lapse seismic monitoring of CO2 injection

The seminal paper on CCS monitoring. Quantifying the thickness and distribution of CO2 layers in the Utsira aquifer.

2015 · Smith, T. et al.

Pluto 4D: Challenges and successes in Australian waters

Overcoming strong currents and hard seafloor multiples to image gas-water contact movement in a major LNG feedstock field.

2011 · Nakayama, K. et al.

Wister 4D: Monitoring steam chambers onshore

Using high-frequency land seismic to track heat fronts and steam chamber growth in shallow heavy oil sands.

2019 · Alnes, H. et al.

Johan Sverdrup: Integrated PRM and gravity monitoring

A state-of-the-art surveillance strategy combining permanent seismic sensors with gravimetry to constrain the water balance in a giant reservoir.

2011 · Ross, A. et al.

Mars OBN 4D: Undershooting platforms

Demonstrating how nodes can fill illumination gaps under production facilities that are impossible to image with streamers.

2000 · Koster, K. et al.

Draugen 4D: Success in a complex tidal reservoir

One of the earliest successes in using 4D to identify bypassed oil in heterogeneous tidal sands, leading to successful infill drilling.

2024 · MacLellan, A. et al.

Mariner Field: 4D seismic monitoring of a heavy oil field

Capturing gas-out-of-solution signals to monitor pressure management and waterflood response in a giant heavy oil field.

2023 · Tillotson, P. et al.

Clair Field: 4D ultra high density OBN acquisition

Overcoming glacial boulder scatterers and complex overburden with ultra-high density OBN to monitor a massive fractured basement reservoir.

2025 · Whitecap Resources et al.

Spot Seismic: 4 years of monitoring on the Weyburn site

Proving the value of frequent, sparse 'spot' seismic monitoring as a cost-effective alternative to full-field 4D for CO2-EOR surveillance.

2022 · Mantica, S. et al.

Agogo 4D OBN: A step change in deepwater monitoring

Applying high-density OBN to resolve complex channel connectivity and optimize infill drilling in a fast-track deepwater development.

2018 · Liu, Y. et al.

Daqing Field: Long-term land 4D monitoring of water flood

A landmark land 4D project in China, demonstrating the use of high-resolution surface seismic to map remaining oil in high-water-cut areas.

2021 · Wang, H. et al.

Tarim Basin: 4D seismic for ultra-deep fractured reservoirs

Monitoring pressure changes and gas movement in ultra-deep (>7000m) carbonate reservoirs using high-repeatability 4D workflows.

2013 · Thedy, E. et al.

Jubarte PRM: The first deepwater optical permanent reservoir monitoring system

The world's first ultra-deepwater optical PRM system, proving fiber-optic sensing at 1,300m depth and repositioning production wells by identifying previously invisible water encroachment.