CCUS Policy Hub

Policy Database

Global CCUS policy repository covering Legal & Regulatory, Economic Incentives, Market Mechanisms, Strategic Guidance, and Technical Standards.

Regulatory Framework
Upcoming

China National Standards for CCUS (GB Series)

China • 2026

## 1. 2026 Governance Milestone China's 12 new national standards establish technical benchmarks.

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Economic Incentive
Active

India Union Budget 2026: CCUS Incentive Scheme

India • 2026

India's 2026-27 Union Budget represents a historic fiscal commitment to carbon management, allocating **200 billion rupees** (~$2.2 Billion USD) over five years. The centerpiece is the 'Viability Gap Funding (VGF)' mechanism, specifically designed to de-risk high-CAPEX sequestration projects in the cement, steel, and refining sectors. Launched alongside the 2025 National CCUS R&D Roadmap, the policy promotes a Public-Private Partnership (PPP) model to establish regional sequestration hubs across

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Regulatory Framework
Active

Belgium Federal CCUS and Hydrogen Strategy 2025

Belgium • 2025

Belgium's updated strategy focuses on its role as a CO2 transit hub for Western Europe. The framework regulates the transport via the Antwerp-Bruges and North Sea Port clusters, and establishes cross-border storage agreements with Norway and Denmark.

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Strategic Guidance
Active

Chile Green Hydrogen and CCUS Roadmap 2025

Chile • 2025

Chile's Green Hydrogen Action Plan 2023-2030 includes CCUS as a critical technology for the development of synthetic fuels. The regulatory framework is being expanded to cover carbon capture and storage in the Magallanes and Antofagasta regions.

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Strategic Guidance
Active

China CCUS Technology Development Roadmap (2025)

China • 2025

Official 2025 update shifting strategic focus from technical verification to large-scale commercial application and hub-based clusters.

Core baseline
Regulatory Framework
Active

Colombia Regulatory Decree for CCUS 2025

Colombia • 2025

Colombia's Decree 2025 provides the specific regulatory details missing from Law 2099. It regulates CO2 storage in the Llanos and Caribbean basins, focusing on EOR and offshore sequestration potentials.

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Economic Incentive
Active

Danish CCS Subsidy Scheme 2025

Denmark • 2025

In 2025, Denmark secured EU approval for a €3.8 billion CCS subsidy scheme to support massive capture and storage. The framework focuses on biogenic CO2 (NECCS) and large-scale fossil capture, positioning Denmark as a central European storage hub with projects like Greensand.

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Regulatory Framework
Active

Spain Climate Change and CCS Framework 2025

Spain • 2025

Spain's Law 7/2021 on Climate Change was updated to facilitate the geological storage of CO2. The focus is on industrial clusters in the Basque Country and Pyrenees region, aligning with EU TEN-E regulations for cross-border infrastructure.

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Regulatory Framework
Active

Greece Strategic Framework for CCS Development 2025

Greece • 2025

Greece's 2025 framework focuses on the Prinos offshore storage hub and the development of the 'Eni-Hellas' Mediterranean corridor. It integrates EU NZIA targets into national climate legislation.

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Regulatory Framework
Active

Iceland Onshore Mineralization Storage Framework 2025

Iceland • 2025

In April 2025, Carbfix received the first-ever EU onshore CO2 storage permit for mineralization in Iceland. This milestone operationalizes the EU CCS Directive for onshore basaltic mineralization. Iceland is also developing the Coda Terminal, an €115M EU-funded cross-border hub for CO2 import and permanent storage.

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Strategic Guidance
Active

Korea MOTIE CCUS Strategic Cluster Designation Criteria

South Korea • 2025

Rules for designating specialized CCUS clusters, providing financial and administrative support for industrial co-location.

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Strategic Guidance
Active

SENER CCUS Legal Framework & CCS Cluster Strategy (2025)

Mexico • 2025

The 2025 SENER CCUS Legal Framework re-integrates carbon capture into Mexico's national climate strategy, aiming for a 35% emissions reduction by 2030. It plans the development of CCS clusters by 2027 and prioritizes state-led initiatives via PEMEX (CO2-EOR) and CFE (Plan México) while leveraging subnational leadership in states like Tamaulipas and Querétaro.

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Regulatory Framework
Active

Malaysia Carbon Capture, Utilisation, and Storage (CCUS) Act 2025

Malaysia • 2025

## Policy Overview Gazetted in August 2025, Malaysia’s standalone CCUS Act (Act 859) provides the robust legal architecture needed to position the nation as a premier carbon management hub in the Asia Pacific. The Act mandates the creation of the Malaysia CCUS Agency (MyCCUS), which serves as a one-stop regulatory body for the entire value chain. Covering Peninsular Malaysia and Labuan, the legislation focuses on streamlining offshore exploration and storage permits. At its core, the Act a

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Regulatory Framework
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Malaysia CCUS Bill 2025

Malaysia • 2025

The Malaysia CCUS Bill 2025 provides a comprehensive regulatory framework for the entire CCUS value chain. It establishes MyCCUS as a one-stop agency and introduces a Post-Closure Stewardship Fund via an injection levy. The bill permits CO2 import for storage but prohibits utilization of imported CO2.

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Regulatory Framework
Active

Malaysia Offshore CCUS Regulatory Framework 2025

Malaysia • 2025

Malaysia's comprehensive CCUS legislation enacted in 2025, specifically addressing offshore CO2 storage. It establishes PETRONAS as the technical manager and defines the fiscal incentives for cross-border storage hubs (e.g., Kasawari).

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Strategic Guidance
Active

Netherlands Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) Roadmap 2025

Netherlands • 2025

The Netherlands published its CDR Roadmap in 2025, targeting 20-25 Mt of CO2 removals by 2040. The CCUS framework integrates with the Porthos project (operational 2026) and utilizes a CO2 levy for industry, aligned with EU's industrial carbon management goals.

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Offshore Storage Licensing
Active

Norway 14th Offshore Storage Licensing Round and 2025 Regulatory Guidelines

Norway • 2025

In 2025, Norway further solidified its position as a global leader in offshore CO2 storage by awarding its 14th offshore storage license in June. This move is part of the Norwegian government's strategic ambition to provide large-scale storage capacity for European industrial emitters. The Ministry of Energy has continued its 'predictable and flexible' licensing process, which is designed to attract commercial interest while ensuring rigorous environmental and safety standards. A key update in N

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Strategic Guidance
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Norway Longship Operational Framework 2025

Norway • 2025

Norway's 'Longship' project enters full operational phase in 2025. The regulatory focus has shifted to cross-border CO2 transport and storage through bilateral agreements (MoUs) with Denmark, Netherlands, and others, effectively operationalizing the London Protocol amendment for CCS.

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Strategic Guidance
Active

Philippines CCUS Development Framework 2025

Philippines • 2025

The Philippine DOE Circular 2025 establishes the initial guidelines for carbon capture and storage in depleted oil and gas fields (e.g., Malampaya). It integrates CCUS into the Philippine Energy Plan (PEP) 2020-2040.

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Regulatory Framework
Active

Romania Operational Law for Geological CO2 Storage 2025

Romania • 2025

Updating the 2013 framework, Romania's 2025 Law operationalizes large-scale storage in depleted gas fields in Transylvania and offshore Black Sea. It aligns with the EU NZIA and establishes the national authority for CCS monitoring.

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Regulatory Framework
Active

Singapore Carbon Pricing (CCUS) Framework 2025

Singapore • 2025

Singapore's Carbon Pricing Act was amended in 2024 to raise carbon tax and include CCUS as an eligibility for carbon credits. The focus is on cross-border transport and Article 6 integration for regional hubs.

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Regulatory Framework
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Thailand Draft Climate Change Act 2025

Thailand • 2025

Thailand's draft Climate Change Act, approved in Dec 2025, establishes a centralized governance framework under the National Climate Change Policy Committee (NCCPC). It introduces a preliminary carbon tax (THB 200/ton) and designates the Department of Mineral Fuels (DMF) as the lead for CCS, focusing on the Upper Gulf of Thailand.

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Statutory
Active

Climate Law (No. 7552 of 2025)

Turkey • 2025

Climate Law No. 7552 (2025) provides the legal foundation for a national Emissions Trading System (TR ETS) and a 2053 Net-Zero target. It targets carbon-intensive sectors (Cement, Steel, Electricity) for CBAM alignment and introduces 'Green Taxonomy' regulations to unlock CCUS infrastructure financing.

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Tax Incentives
Active

USA One Big Beautiful Bill Act (OBBBA) and 45Q Enhancement 2025

United States • 2025

The landscape for CCUS in the United States underwent a transformative shift in 2025 with the passage of the 'One Big Beautiful Bill Act' (OBBBA) on July 4th. This landmark legislation not only preserved the existing Section 45Q tax credits but significantly enhanced and equalized them to accelerate industrial decarbonization. One of the most critical updates was the equalization of credit levels for Direct Air Capture (DAC) and point-source capture, with dedicated geologic storage now receiving

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Regulatory Framework
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Vietnam Domestic Carbon Market Framework 2025

Vietnam • 2025

Vietnam's Decree 119/2025 and 29/2026 establish the legal framework for the domestic carbon market. In 2026, pilot GHG quotas were authorized for 110 large facilities, totaling 243 Mt CO2e. The full ETS official operation is scheduled for 2029.

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Market Mechanism
Active

Vietnam Decree 119/2025: GHG & Carbon Management

Vietnam • 2025

Issued in June 2025, Decree No. 119/2025/ND-CP is the primary executive order governing Vietnam's transition to a structured carbon economy. It establishes the **National Registration System** for GHG quotas and credits and mandates an emission allowance pilot for the power, steel, and cement sectors during 2025-2026. For the CCUS sector, the Decree provides the first legal recognition of sequestration outcomes as tradeable offsets within the domestic system. By delegating methodology developmen

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Regulatory Framework
Active

Federal Decree-Law No. (11) of 2024 & Abu Dhabi Carbon Capture Policy

United Arab Emirates • 2024

Federal Decree-Law No. (11) of 2024 mandates GHG MRV for all entities starting May 2025. In early 2026, Abu Dhabi launched a dedicated Carbon Capture Policy to support its 2050 Net Zero goal, establishing a regulatory framework and a National Register for Carbon Credits (NRCC).

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Economic Incentive
Active

Incentive Regime for Large Investments (RIGI - CCUS 2024)

Argentina • 2024

The 2024 Incentive Regime for Large Investments (RIGI, Law 27.742) establishes massive tax, customs, and foreign exchange incentives for projects exceeding $200M. CCUS is explicitly listed as an eligible activity within the energy sector, supporting the capture, transport, and storage of CO2, particularly for the Vaca Muerta shale basin and 'Blue Hydrogen' production.

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Regulatory Framework
Active

Australia Offshore GHG Storage (Safety) Regulations 2024

Australia • 2024

Australia implemented the Offshore Petroleum and Greenhouse Gas Storage (Safety) Regulations 2024 in June 2025, modernizing the safety landscape for offshore carbon management. The new rules focus heavily on **psychosocial risks** and enhanced worker protection, aligning with international health and safety benchmarks. A critical pillar is the **Design Notification Scheme**, which requires storage projects to submit detailed safety cases to NOPSEMA during the early engineering phase. Furthermore

Core baseline
Regulatory Framework
Active

Western Australia Petroleum Legislation Amendment Act 2024

Australia • 2024

Legislation establishing the regulatory framework for permanent geological storage of GHG substances in Western Australian waters.

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Regulatory Framework
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Brazil ANP Resolution on CCS Authorization (Law 14.993)

Brazil • 2024

Detailed regulatory resolution defining the application process for 30-year CCS permits and mandatory inventory standards.

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法律监管
现行

Brazil Bill 1425/2022 (CCS Framework)

Brazil • 2024

The foundational legal framework for CCS in Brazil, establishing storage concession rules and long-term liability management under the ANP.

Core baseline
Regulatory Framework
Active

Brazil 'Fuels of the Future' Act (Law 14,993/2024)

Brazil • 2024

Brazil's Law No. 14,933/2024 established the first legal framework for CCS in South America, integrated with a regulated carbon market (SBCE).

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Market Mechanism
Active

California Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS) 2024/2025 Amendments

United States • 2024

A premier market mechanism allowing CCUS projects to generate tradable credits based on CI reduction. LCFS credits can be stacked with federal 45Q credits for maximum incentive value.

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Regulatory Framework
Active

Switzerland Revised CO2 Act (CCS/NETs) 2024

Switzerland • 2024

Switzerland's revised CO2 Act (post-2024) integrates CCS and Negative Emission Technologies (NETs) as core components of its climate strategy. The framework establishes a subsidy scheme for large-scale CCS and focuses on international cooperation for cross-border CO2 transport and storage.

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Regulatory Framework
Active

Administrative Measures for Greenhouse Gas Voluntary Emission Reduction Trading (Trial)

China • 2024

The CCER restart in 2024 explicitly includes CCUS as one of the first four supported methodologies. Projects can generate certified emission reductions for trade in the national carbon market, providing a clear revenue stream for CCS projects in the power and industrial sectors.

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Strategic Guidance
Active

Implementation Plan for Green and Low-Carbon Advanced Technology Demonstration Projects

China • 2024

## Policy Core Issued by NDRC and MEE, this plan selects large-scale CCUS demonstration projects for financial and resource support. Requirements include >500k t/y for petrochemical/oil and >100k t/y for power/steel/cement. First batch (47 projects) released in April 2024, second batch (101 projects) in April 2025.

Core baseline
Market Mechanism
Active

Guangdong Carbon Inclusive & CCUS Offset Rules 2024

China • 2024

Guangdong Province released its updated 2024 Carbon Allocation and Offset Rules in March 2025, allowing covered entities to use offset credits (CCERs and local PHCERs) for up to **10%** of their verified emissions. A key innovation is the 'Local Stimulus' mandate: 70% of used credits must originate from projects within Guangdong. For CCUS demonstrations, the province provides a dedicated Carbon Inclusive pathway, allowing physical sequestration outcomes to be monetized at a premium within the re

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Regulatory Framework
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China MEE Guidance on CCUS Environmental Oversight (2024 Update)

China • 2024

## Policy Overview In 2024, China's Ministry of Ecology and Environment (MEE) significantly refined its regulatory oversight for CCUS projects. Building upon the 2016 trial guidelines and integrated with the 2024 China CCUS Annual Report, this updated guidance establishes the 'environmental redlines' for the entire value chain. A key feature is the mandate for 'Synergistic Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)', which requires projects to evaluate conventional pollutants and carbon emissions

Core baseline
Strategic Guidance
Active

National Carbon Peaking Pilot (Ordos) Implementation Plan (2024)

China • 2024

A flagship national pilot roadmap positioning Ordos as a global leader in large-scale CCUS applications for coal-based industries.

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Regulatory Framework
Active

Batch Release of CCUS National Standards (2024)

China • 2024

NDRC and SAMR released 12+ national standards covering carbon accounting, storage safety, and leakage monitoring, providing the technical basis for liability transfer.

Core baseline
法律监管
现行

China Zero-Carbon Industrial Park Guidelines

China • 2024

National guidelines elevating zero-carbon parks to a strategic level, mandating CCS as a core path for localized industrial decarbonization.

Core baseline
Strategic Guidance
Active

Carbon Management Strategy (CMS) & KSpG Amendment

Germany • 2024

The 2024 Carbon Management Strategy (CMS) and the KSpG amendment mark Germany's pivotal shift towards proactive CCUS implementation. It permits offshore storage in the EEZ, grants federal states 'opt-in' powers for onshore storage, and defines CCUS as being in the 'overriding public interest' to accelerate permitting. Coal-fired power is excluded.

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法律监管
现行

Germany Industrial Carbon Management Strategy

Germany • 2024

2024 strategy enabling offshore storage and transboundary CO2 export, marking a historic pivot in German climate policy.

Core baseline
Regulatory Framework
Active

Denmark Negative Emission Carbon Capture and Storage (NECCS) Fund & CCfD

Denmark • 2024

## Policy Core The Denmark CCfD Program is a 20-year subsidy scheme based on competitive tendering, designed to kickstart large-scale CCS deployment.

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Regulatory Framework
Active

Egypt Carbon Market Framework 2024

Egypt • 2024

Egypt's Financial Regulatory Authority (FRA) launched the first voluntary carbon market in 2024. The framework includes CCUS as a valid methodology for generating carbon credits, focusing on industrial decarbonization and Mediterranean storage hubs.

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Technical Standard
Active

EU Carbon Removal Certification Framework (CRCF)

European Union • 2024

## Policy Overview The EU Carbon Removal Certification Framework (CRCF) is the world's first voluntary framework providing a unified legal definition for high-quality carbon removals. Enacted via Regulation 2024/3012, it establishes the 'QU.A.L.ITY' criteria—Quantification, Additionality, Long-term storage, and Sustainability—to verify carbon sequestration activities across the Union. For the CCUS sector, the CRCF is transformative as it formally classifies **DACCS (Direct Air Capture with Ca

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Regulatory Framework
Active

EU Net-Zero Industry Act (NZIA)

European Union • 2024

## Policy Overview The Net-Zero Industry Act (NZIA), which entered into force in June 2024, is the legislative backbone of the EU’s strategy to scale up the manufacturing of clean technologies. For the CCS sector, it introduces a groundbreaking mandate: **a Union-wide objective to reach an annual injection capacity of at least 50 million tonnes of CO2 by 2030**. Central to achieving this goal is the **individual contribution obligation for oil and gas producers**. Companies producing crud

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法律监管
现行

France National CCUS Roadmap 2024

France • 2024

Targeting 4-8 Mtpa by 2030 through Carbon Contracts for Difference (CCfDs) and strategic North Sea storage agreements.

Core baseline
法律监管
现行

EU Innovation Fund

European Union • 2024

One of the world's largest funding programs for low-carbon technologies, financing large-scale CCS hubs across 18 EU nations.

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Strategic Guidance
Active

Strategy for Decarbonising Industry (CCUS Roadmap 2024)

France • 2024

The 2024 French CCUS Strategy establishes a comprehensive roadmap to capture 4-8 Mtpa of CO2 by 2030. It prioritizes hard-to-abate sectors, implements a Carbon Contract for Difference (CCfD) subsidy mechanism, and establishes the legal basis for cross-border CO2 transport through a 2024 bilateral agreement with Norway. It also streamlines subsurface permitting via the Green Industry Act.

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Market Mechanism
Active

ICAO CORSIA Carbon Offsetting & CCU Fuel Rules (2024)

International • 2024

The ICAO Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA) entered its first phase in 2024, involving 126 member states. The policy's heart is the mandatory use of certified carbon credits or **CCU-based e-fuels (SAF)** to meet carbon-neutral growth targets. Updated for 2024-2025, the framework establishes rigorous certification for the CO2 sources used in fuel synthesis, ensuring they meet strict sustainability criteria. CORSIA provides the most critical high-value end-

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Regulatory Framework
Active

Indonesia Presidential Regulation No. 14/2024 (CCS Framework)

Indonesia • 2024

## Policy Overview Enacted on January 30, 2024, Indonesia’s Presidential Regulation No. 14 of 2024 (PR 14/2024) provides the first comprehensive legal architecture for Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) in Southeast Asia. Designed to turn Indonesia into a premier carbon management hub, the regulation establishes two primary operating models: CCS within existing upstream Oil & Gas Working Areas (conducted by PSC contractors via contract amendments) and independent Carbon Storage Permit Areas (WI

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Technical Standard
Under development

IMO Onboard Carbon Capture & Storage (OCCS) Framework

International • 2024

The International Maritime Organization (IMO) is formalizing the global regulatory landscape for Onboard Carbon Capture and Storage (OCCS) by amending MARPOL Annex VI. The 2024 Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) Guidelines now officially recognize emissions credits for carbon captured at sea. This framework is set to be fully complemented by 2028 with standards for environmental risk assessment and CO2 shore-based reception facilities. It represents a strategic shift in shipping decarbonization toward

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Strategic Guidance
Planned

National Mission for CCUS & Regulatory Roadmap

India • 2024

The 2024 National Mission for CCUS, led by NITI Aayog, establishes a comprehensive framework including Viability Gap Funding (VGF), regional hub development, and a regulatory roadmap for pore space and liability. It integrates with the Indian Carbon Market (CCTS) to monetize emissions reductions.

Core baseline
Market Mechanism
Active

Paris Agreement Article 6.4 Mechanism (CCS & CDR Standards)

International • 2024

## Policy Overview Article 6.4 of the Paris Agreement establishes a United Nations-led global carbon market mechanism (A6.4ERs), enabling parties to trade high-integrity emission reductions and removals. In October 2024, the Article 6.4 Supervisory Body (SBM) finalized and adopted groundbreaking standards for **Carbon Removals**, which became effective during COP29. This formalizes the path for CCS and Direct Air Capture (DAC) projects to generate internationally recognized carbon credits eli

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法律监管
现行

Iceland CDR & Mineralization Framework

Iceland • 2024

Regulatory framework for basaltic mineralization led by Carbfix, providing legal pathways for Mammoth-scale DAC projects.

Core baseline
Regulatory Framework
Active

Law 11/2024 - CCUS Regulatory Modernization

Italy • 2024

Law 11/2024 modernizes Italy's CCUS framework by amending Legislative Decree 162/2011. It designates offshore depleted reservoirs as legally suitable for storage, introduces a 20-year minimum liability transfer window, and exempts small-scale pilot projects (<100kt) from Environmental Impact Assessments. It supports the development of the Ravenna CCS hub and the Callisto Mediterranean Network.

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Regulatory Framework
Active

Act on Carbon Dioxide Storage Business (CCS Business Act)

Japan • 2024

Legislation passed in May 2024 decoupling CCS storage rights from oil/gas laws, enabling saline aquifer storage permits and defining a state-backed liability transfer mechanism.

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Regulatory Framework
Active

Act on Carbon Dioxide Storage Business (2025 Phase-in)

Japan • 2024

The Act on Carbon Dioxide Storage Business (CCS Business Act) established a comprehensive legal framework for the entire CCS value chain in Japan. Passed in May 2024, the Act follows a phased implementation: prospecting rights became effective in Nov 2024, with full enforcement (including storage rights and liability transfer) mandated by May 2026. 2025 serves as the critical window for FEED implementation of JOGMEC-supported projects. The Act creates 'Quasi-real Rights' (Mina-shi Bukken) for st

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Economic Incentive
Active

Japan JOGMEC Advanced CCS Projects Support Program

Japan • 2024

## Policy Overview JOGMEC (Japan Organization for Metals and Energy Security) serves as the financial catalyst for the nation’s 2030 goal of storing 6-12 Mtpa of CO2. Through its 'Advanced CCS Projects' program, JOGMEC provides critical funding for Front-End Engineering Design (FEED) and exploratory drilling, effectively de-risking the most uncertain early phases of the CCUS value chain. In June 2024, JOGMEC formally selected **9 flagship projects** for priority support, covering both domesti

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Regulatory Framework
Active

Japan METI Specified Zones & CCS Tender Guidelines (2024)

Japan • 2024

METI guidelines for designating CCS zones and conducting tenders for exploration and business permits.

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法律监管
现行

South Korea CCUS Act

South Korea • 2024

Consolidated legal framework for the CCUS value chain, introducing specific cluster designation incentives and resource-recovery rules.

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Regulatory Framework
Active

Act on the Promotion of CCUS and Safety Management

Republic of Korea • 2024

The 2024 CCUS Promotion Act (Act on the Promotion of Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage and Safety Management) provides the first unified legal framework for CCUS in Korea. It introduces a 'One-stop Shop' for permitting, establishes subsurface storage rights, and creates a liability transfer mechanism to the state after stability is confirmed. It explicitly supports international CCS projects for CO2 export.

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Strategic Guidance
Active

Kuwait KPC Net Zero Strategy 2024

Kuwait • 2024

Kuwait Petroleum Corporation (KPC) released its Energy Transition Strategy in 2023/2024, targeting Net Zero by 2050 for domestic operations. CCUS is identified as a core pillar for industrial decarbonization, particularly in the refinery and petrochemical sectors.

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Regulatory Framework
Active

Kazakhstan Ecology Code (CCUS) Framework 2024

Kazakhstan • 2024

Kazakhstan's Ecology Code was amended in 2023/2024 to formally recognize CCUS technologies as climate mitigation measures. The framework provides the legal basis for geological CO2 storage permits and integrates with the national ETS (Zhasyl Damu).

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法律监管
现行

Malaysia CCUS Act 2025

Malaysia • 2024

Southeast Asia's first standalone CCUS law, establishing MyCCUS as the regulator and enabling transboundary storage services.

Core baseline
法律监管
现行

Malaysia MIDA CCUS Tax Incentives

Malaysia • 2024

Providing 100% Investment Tax Allowance (ITA) for CCS activities to attract global carbon management capital.

Core baseline
Regulatory Framework
Active

Netherlands SDE++ Climate Transition Incentive Scheme

Netherlands • 2024

## Policy Overview The Netherlands' SDE++ scheme is a premier global example of the Carbon Contract for Difference (CCfD) model, designed to bridge the 'unprofitable component' of decarbonization technologies. For CCS and CCU, the scheme provides a 15-year operating subsidy that covers the gap between the full project cost (Base Price) and the market value of avoided emissions (EU ETS Price). In 2024, the scheme was significantly updated with a maximum subsidy intensity of **€400 per tonne

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Regulatory Framework
Active

Nigeria NUPRC Upstream Decarbonization Rules 2024

Nigeria • 2024

The Nigeria Upstream Petroleum Regulatory Commission (NUPRC) Decarbonization Rules 2024 establish a framework for carbon capture, storage, and utilization in the upstream sector. It mandates annual carbon reporting and establishes penalties for non-compliance with the new emission reduction targets.

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Regulatory Framework
Active

Norway CO2 Storage & Transport Regulations (Offshore)

Norway • 2024

## Policy Overview Norway’s legal framework for carbon storage is anchored in Regulation No. 1517, originally established in 2014 and updated in 2020. Built upon the EU CCS Directive and integrated with Norwegian petroleum law, it provides the definitive regulatory structure for offshore storage on the Norwegian Continental Shelf (NCS). The regulation asserts state ownership over all subsea reservoirs and mandates a rigorous permitting system for exploration, development, and operation. A

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法律监管
现行

Norway 'Longship' CCS Project

Norway • 2024

A full-scale national project connecting industrial capture to the Northern Lights transboundary storage hub.

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Strategic Guidance
Active

Oman CCUS Strategic Roadmap 2024

Oman • 2024

Oman's CCUS Roadmap 2024, led by the Ministry of Energy and Minerals (MEM), identifies 25 Mt CO2/yr storage potential by 2050. The framework focuses on PDO-operated storage hubs and the integration of carbon mineralization in peridotite formations.

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Regulatory Framework
Active

Poland Geological and Mining Law (CCS) 2024

Poland • 2024

Poland's amendment to the Geological and Mining Law in 2023 removes the prohibition of large-scale CO2 storage and implements the EU CCS Directive. The framework enables offshore and onshore CO2 storage and integrates with the national energy transition strategy (PEP2040).

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Strategic Guidance
Active

Qatar National Environment and Climate Change Strategy 2024

Qatar • 2024

Qatar's refreshed National Environment and Climate Change Strategy (2024) focuses on integrating CCUS into its LNG expansion. It targets a 25% GHG reduction by 2030 and aims to capture 11 Mt CO2/year by 2035, supported by new MRV systems and regulatory standards for carbon management.

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Strategic Guidance
Planned

Philippines CCUS Strategic Roadmap

Philippines • 2024

The roadmap outlines the regulatory and technical pathways for CCUS implementation in the Philippines, focusing on offshore storage potential in the West Philippine Sea.

Core baseline
Regulatory Framework
Active

Romania CCUS Regulatory Framework 2024

Romania • 2024

A specific legal framework for the transport and storage of CO2, aligned with EU directives and supporting the Hope and Constanta clusters.

Core baseline
Strategic Guidance
Active

Circular Carbon Economy (CCE) National Program

Saudi Arabia • 2024

The Saudi Circular Carbon Economy (CCE) National Program framework, strengthened in 2024, establishes the Kingdom's regulatory path for the Jubail CCS Hub. It integrates the Green Financing Framework for CCUS funding and the GCOM (GHG Crediting and Offsetting Mechanism) for carbon monetization. The Ministry of Energy manages pore space as a state asset via concessions.

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Strategic Guidance
Active

ADNOC 2030 Carbon Capture & Decarbonization Strategy

United Arab Emirates • 2024

## Policy Overview ADNOC, the UAE's state-owned energy giant, is aggressively scaling its CCUS capacity with a revised target of **10 million tonnes per annum (Mtpa) by 2030**, double its previous goal. This strategy is central to achieving ADNOC's accelerated Net Zero 2045 ambition. Key pillars include the operational Al Reyadah facility—the world's first commercial iron and steel carbon capture plant—and the newly approved Habshan CCS project. The Habshan project, targeting 1.5 Mtpa by 2

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法律监管
现行

UK CO2 T&S Network Code

United Kingdom • 2024

Established by Ofgem to regulate third-party access to the national carbon backbone, preventing monopolies in the T&S market.

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战略引导
现行

US DOE Carbon Management Strategy

United States • 2024

Top-level blueprint for achieving net-zero by 2050, prioritizing hard-to-abate sectors and Justice40 compliance.

Core baseline
法律监管
现行

Verra CCS Methodology (VM0049)

International • 2024

Comprehensive modular methodology for carbon capture and geological storage under the Verified Carbon Standard.

Core baseline
Statutory
Active

Climate Change Act (No. 22 of 2024)

South Africa • 2024

The Climate Change Act No. 22 of 2024 establishes mandatory carbon budgets and sectoral emission targets. It integrates CCUS as a key technology for hard-to-abate sectors, supported by the national pilot project in Mpumalanga (confirming 34Gt storage capacity) and a transitioning carbon tax regime reaching R308/t by 2026.

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法律监管
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UAE National Net Zero 2050 Strategy

United Arab Emirates • 2023

The UAE's strategic roadmap for achieving climate neutrality, including the establishment of the National Registry for Carbon Credits (NRCC) in 2024. Focuses on leveraging ADNOC's infrastructure for carbon management.

Core baseline
法律监管
现行

Alberta TIER System & CCS Incentives

Canada • 2023

Alberta's Technology Innovation and Emissions Reduction (TIER) framework, updated in 2024 to set a carbon price floor of $170/t by 2030, specifically incentivizing sequestration credits.

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法律监管
现行

Australia Offshore GHG Storage Act

Australia • 2023

Legislation enabling offshore carbon storage and transboundary CO2 transport, aligned with the 2023 London Protocol amendments to support projects like Bayu-Undan.

Core baseline
法律监管
现行

Australia Safeguard Mechanism 2023

Australia • 2023

Mandatory emission reduction tool for Australia's largest emitters, requiring a 4.9% annual decline in carbon intensity, driving demand for industrial CCUS.

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Regulatory Framework
Active

Canada CCUS Investment Tax Credit (ITC)

Canada • 2023

## Policy Core The Canada CCUS ITC is a refundable tax credit of up to 60%, legally established in 2024.

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Market Mechanism
Active

Hubei ETS Carbon Offset Rules (CCUS Provisions)

China • 2023

## Policy Overview The Hubei Emissions Trading Scheme (Hubei ETS) is one of China's most robust regional carbon market pilots, featuring a dedicated offset mechanism that includes CCUS activities. Under the 2024 Allocation Plan, covered entities in Hubei can purchase CCERs (National Certified Voluntary Emission Reductions), including those from CCUS projects, to offset up to **5%** of their annual allowance compliance obligations. The strategic value of this policy lies in its ability to c

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法律监管
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EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM)

European Union • 2023

Trade policy requiring importers to account for embedded emissions, with 2024 rules acknowledging CCUS deductions from trade partners.

Core baseline
法律监管
现行

Gold Standard Engineering CDR Requirements

International • 2023

Strict certification framework for high-integrity CCS and engineered carbon removals, aligned with Article 6 of the Paris Agreement.

Core baseline
Strategic Guidance
Active

Malaysia National Energy Transition Roadmap (NETR) - CCUS Pillar

Malaysia • 2023

Malaysia's strategic roadmap identifying CCUS as a key lever for decarbonization and economic growth.

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Economic Incentive
Active

Norway Petroleum Tax Act: CCS Deduction & Exemptions

Norway • 2023

## Policy Overview The Norwegian Petroleum Tax Act provides a world-leading fiscal environment for offshore CCS operations. With a combined marginal tax rate of **78%** (22% corporate + 71.8% special tax), Norway applies a 'Cash-flow system' where CCS investments since 2022 are 100% deductible in the year they occur against the 71.8% special tax base. Operationally, the regime offers three massive benefits: 1. **CO2 Tax Exemption**: Since 2023, emitters can reclaim CO2 taxes paid on fuel

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Strategic Guidance
Active

Climate Doctrine of the Russian Federation (2023 Update)

Russia • 2023

The updated 2023 Climate Doctrine of the Russian Federation reaffirms carbon neutrality by 2060 and prioritizes CCUS development. It is supported by mandatory carbon reporting for large emitters (starting 2023) and the Sakhalin Carbon Experiment, which aims for regional neutrality by 2025 through a quota-based system and domestic technological sovereignty.

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Strategic Guidance
Active

Saudi Arabia Hydrogen Strategy & CCS Coupling

Saudi Arabia • 2023

Saudi Arabia has fully integrated CCS into its National Hydrogen Strategy as the primary vehicle for achieving a 'Circular Carbon Economy.' Saudi Aramco has committed **10% of its 2024-2026 CAPEX** to its New Energies division, focusing heavily on Carbon Capture and blue hydrogen production. The Saudi Green Initiative (SGI) targets 278 Mtpa of emission reductions by 2030, with CCS hubs serving as the physical backbone for this goal. By leveraging its unrivaled geological assets and low-cost natu

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Regulatory Framework
Active

Saudi Circular Carbon Economy (CCE) & Jubail CCS Hub Strategy

Saudi Arabia • 2023

## Policy Overview Saudi Arabia’s CCUS strategy is built upon the Circular Carbon Economy (CCE) framework, a model it successfully championed during its 2020 G20 Presidency. Based on the 4Rs (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Remove), the strategy sets a massive milestone: reaching **44 million tonnes per annum (Mtpa) of CO2 storage by 2035**. This is a non-negotiable pillar for the Kingdom’s 2060 Net Zero target. The flagship Jubail CCS Hub, scheduled for 2027 startup, will initially capture 9 Mtpa

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Economic Incentive
Active

Thailand BOI CCUS Investment Promotion Incentives

Thailand • 2023

## Policy Overview Managed by the Board of Investment (BOI), Thailand's CCUS incentives are a centerpiece of the 2023-2027 'Green Transformation' strategy. Under the 2024 update, projects integrating CCUS in petrochemical and natural gas separation sectors are eligible for the maximum investment incentive: **an 8-year Corporate Income Tax (CIT) holiday**. This policy is specifically designed to offset high initial capital costs and facilitate industrial decarbonization in the Eastern Economic

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法律监管
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UK CCUS Vision (2035 Strategy)

United Kingdom • 2023

Strategic blueprint targeting 20-30 Mtpa storage by 2030 through the sequence-based cluster development model.

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Market Mechanism
Active

UK Energy Act 2023 (CCUS Economic Regulation)

United Kingdom • 2023

## Policy Overview The Energy Act 2023 is the primary legislative engine for the UK's energy transition, providing the robust legal framework needed to reach Net Zero by 2050. For the CCUS sector, it establishes a world-first **Economic Regulation model for Transport and Storage (T&S)**. The Act designates Ofgem as the independent economic regulator for CO2 networks, applying a Regulated Asset Base (RAB) model. This ensures that infrastructure operators can earn a predictable, regulated retur

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Regulatory Framework
Active

Louisiana Class VI Primacy Administrative Rules

United States • 2023

Effective February 2024, Louisiana assumed primary enforcement authority (Primacy) over Class VI injection wells from the EPA. The Louisiana Department of Natural Resources (LDNR) has codified detailed administrative rules that refine the federal baseline, with a heightened focus on **Community Engagement** and environmental justice. In October 2025, Executive Order JML 25-119 further optimized these standards, mandating that applicants provide verifiable local community benefit plans. While the

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Regulatory Framework
Active

Jiangsu Province Industrial Green Transformation Action Plan (CCUS)

China • 2022

As a premier industrial hub in China, Jiangsu Province released its decarbonization plan in 2022, prioritizing CCS upgrades for the power and chemical sectors along the Yangtze River. A landmark achievement is the 500,000 tpa Taizhou Capture Project, operational since 2023. The policy specifically encourages the utilization of captured CO2 for **Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF)** and methanol production, with Sinopec leading megatonne-scale deployments in local oilfields. By integrating CCS with

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Strategic Guidance
Active

China MIIT Action Plan for Industrial Carbon Peaking

China • 2022

Released in August 2022 and expanded through 2024, the MIIT Action Plan is the cornerstone of China’s strategy to transition its heavy industry to a low-carbon footing. It mandates sectors including steel, building materials, and petrochemicals to peak emissions by 2030, explicitly promoting the deployment of CCUS as a fundamental technology. The plan shifts CCUS from an experimental technology to a strategic infrastructure requirement, particularly for state-owned enterprises (SOEs). By integra

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Strategic Guidance
Active

Shandong 14th Five-Year Plan for Eco-Protection (CCUS)

China • 2022

Shandong Province’s 14th Five-Year Plan for Ecological Environmental Protection identifies CCUS as the definitive decarbonization path for its heavy industrial clusters in Dongying and Binzhou. The Plan mandates strict capacity controls on steel and aluminum while prioritizing the transformation of traditional energy bases like the Shengli Oilfield into integrated **'Capture-EOR-Storage'** hubs. A distinguishing feature is the formal inclusion of CCUS within the regional environmental risk asses

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Regulatory Framework
Active

Greece National Climate Law - CCUS Update

Greece • 2022

Updated framework providing legal clarity for offshore storage concessions, specifically supporting the Prinos industrial storage hub.

Core baseline
Regulatory Framework
Active

India National CCUS R&D and Deployment Roadmap (2025-2045)

India • 2022

## Policy Overview India launched its comprehensive CCUS roadmap in December 2025, signaling a strategic shift for the world's third-largest emitter towards technical decarbonization. Led by the Department of Science and Technology (DST), the roadmap outlines a phased approach: Pilot and R&D (2025-2030), Industrial Integration (2030-2035), and Commercial Scale-up (2035-2045). To match this ambition, the **2026-27 Union Budget** allocated a historic **200 billion rupees (approx. $2.2 billio

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法律监管
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US 45Q Tax Credit (IRA Enhanced)

United States • 2022

Enhanced federal tax credits of $85/t for sequestration and $180/t for DAC, with direct pay and transferability features.

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法律监管
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PBOC Carbon Emission Reduction Facility (CERF)

China • 2021

Structural monetary policy tool providing 1.25% low-interest re-lending for CCUS projects in China, extended to 2027.

Core baseline
Economic Incentive
Active

Colombia Law 2099 of 2021 (CCS Income Tax Incentives)

Colombia • 2021

Energy Transition Law in Colombia providing significant tax benefits for CCS-enabled hydrogen production.

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Technical Standard
Active

CCS+ Initiative: Global Carbon Accounting Framework

International • 2021

The CCS+ Initiative is a high-level industry consortium—led by global energy and technology giants including TotalEnergies and SLB—dedicated to establishing a unified carbon accounting logic for the voluntary carbon market. In October 2024, Verra formally approved and published the first modules under the CCS+ Framework (VMD0056-0058), covering Direct Air Capture (DAC), transport networks, and saline aquifer storage. By April 2025, the framework expanded to include Bio-energy CCS (BECCS). The in

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Strategic Guidance
Active

GCCA 2050 Cement & Concrete Industry Roadmap for Net Zero

International • 2021

The GCCA 2050 Roadmap is the definitive global blueprint for decarbonizing the built environment’s foundational material. It targets a **25% reduction by 2030** and identifies **CCUS** as the single largest lever for reaching net-zero by 2050, projected to contribute 36% of total industry abatement. The roadmap provides a standardized multi-pathway strategy—incorporating clinker substitution, alternative fuels, and recarbonation. Representing 80% of global production outside China, the framework

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Economic Incentive
Active

Netherlands Porthos SDE++ Operational Subsidy

Netherlands • 2021

The Dutch SDE++ (Stimulation of Sustainable Energy Production) is the global gold standard for supporting CCUS OPEX. It operates on a **'Viability Gap Funding'** model, covering the deficit between carbon capture costs and the prevailing market carbon price for 15 years. For the 2024-2025 rounds, the budget was expanded to €8 billion with a subsidy intensity cap of **€400 per tonne of CO2**. The Porthos project in the Port of Rotterdam is the flagship beneficiary, securing a €2.1 billion grant r

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Regulatory Framework
Active

Texas HB 1284: CCS Jurisdictional Act

United States • 2021

Texas House Bill 1284 is the definitive legislative pillar establishing state sovereignty over carbon sequestration. Enacted to consolidate oversight of Class VI injection wells under the **Railroad Commission of Texas (RRC)**, the bill was the prerequisite for Texas receiving EPA Primacy in December 2025. By centralizing authority, the law resolves administrative overlaps and accelerates the permitting of over 30 pending multi-billion dollar projects. HB 1284 provides the legal clarity needed f

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Economic Incentive
Active

US CIFIA: Carbon Dioxide Transportation Infrastructure Finance and Innovation

United States • 2021

## Policy Overview The CIFIA program, established under the 2021 Bipartisan Infrastructure Law (BIL), is the federal government’s primary vehicle for financing large-scale CO2 transport networks. Administered by the DOE Loan Programs Office (LPO), the program provides **$2.1 billion** in low-interest federal loans, loan guarantees, and grants. It specifically addresses the high capital risks associated with first-of-a-kind (FOAK) infrastructure, where high upfront costs often outpace early-st

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法律监管
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US IIJA CCS Hubs Program

United States • 2021

$12 billion federal investment program for regional DAC hubs and large-scale CO2 transport/storage infrastructure.

Core baseline
Economic Incentive
Active

Wyoming House Bill 0200 (Low-Carbon Reliable Energy Standard)

United States • 2020

A state law requiring public utilities to generate a portion of their electricity using CCUS-equipped coal plants.

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Economic Incentive
Active

Saskatchewan Petroleum Innovation Incentive (SPII)

Canada • 2019

## Policy Overview The Saskatchewan Petroleum Innovation Incentive (SPII) is one of Canada's most effective sub-national tools for accelerating energy technology commercialization. The program offers **transferable Crown royalty and freehold production tax credits equal to 25% of eligible project costs** for qualified innovations, including Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS). SPII covers both pilot and commercial-scale deployments, providing a flexible financial bridge for high-risk ventures.

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法律监管
现行

IPCC GHG Inventory Guidelines (2019 Refinement)

International • 2019

The global technical benchmark for carbon accounting, establishing the 'non-emission' status of geologically stored CO2.

Core baseline
法律监管
现行

ISO CCUS Standards (TC 265)

International • 2019

International standards (ISO 27914/27916) ensuring technical interoperability and safety for global storage and EOR-transition projects.

Core baseline
法律监管
现行

Puro.earth CDR Certification (CORC)

International • 2019

Nasdaq-backed certification for engineered removals, focused on long-term permanence (1000+ years) and price transparency.

Core baseline
Technical Standard
Active

EU ETS Monitoring and Reporting Regulation (MRR) 2024 Revision

European Union • 2018

## Policy Overview The Monitoring and Reporting Regulation (MRR) is the operational bedrock of the EU ETS, dictating how thousands of industrial sites quantify and report their carbon footprint. The 2023-2024 revisions represent a breakthrough for the carbon management sector: **CO2 that is verified as captured and permanently geologically stored is now exempt from the obligation to surrender emission allowances**. This effectively anchors the financial value of CCS to the prevailing EU ETS p

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Regulatory Framework
Active

Croatia Hydrocarbon Act (CCS Amendments)

Croatia • 2018

Croatia has integrated the EU CCS Directive into its national legal framework through the Act on the Exploration and Exploitation of Hydrocarbons. The legislation designates the Croatian Hydrocarbon Agency (AZU) as the primary regulator for sequestration titles. Amendments in 2019 and 2021 specifically codified the permanent storage of CO2, backed by a €4 million state-funded study to identify suitable sub-surface formations. While navigating minor overlaps with mining laws, the Act serves as th

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Regulatory Framework
Active

Saskatchewan CCS Regulatory Directives

Canada • 2015

Saskatchewan governs its CCS sector through a comprehensive set of Directives managing everything from wellbore integrity to carbon credit trading. In May 2024, the province released the updated **CCUS Credit Standard**, formalizing a trading mechanism and refining the legal definitions of CO2 liability. Critically, in early 2026, the province legislatively confirmed that federal coal-fire emission regulations would not apply in Saskatchewan, cementing a governance path where CCS is used to main

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Regulatory Framework
Active

Romania Law 114/2013 on CO2 Storage

Romania • 2013

Romania’s Law No. 114/2013 formally transposes the EU CCS Directive into the national legal framework. It mandates that all geological storage projects incorporate a risk-based monitoring plan implemented through all project phases. Managed by the National Authority for Regulation in Mining, Petroleum, and Geological Storage (ANRMPSG), the law establishes the technical and legal requirements for exploration permits, injection licenses, and the eventual transfer of long-term liability. As a count

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Regulatory Framework
Active

Alberta CO2 Sequestration Tenure Framework

Canada • 2011

## Policy Overview Alberta’s Sequestration Tenure Framework is a global pioneer in the standardized management of pore space rights. Asserting the Crown's ownership over all sub-surface sequestration assets, the framework utilizes a competitive Request for Full Proposals (RFFP) process to award storage rights. In July 2024, the government reached a landmark milestone by signing the first formal **Carbon Sequestration Lease Agreement** with Shell Canada and ATCO EnPower for the Atlas Carbon St

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Regulatory Framework
Active

US EPA Class VI Primacy Delegation

United States • 2010

## Policy Overview Class VI Primacy is the most critical regulatory mechanism for accelerating the development of the US CCS market. Under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA), the EPA is responsible for overseeing the injection of CO2 into Class VI wells but allows qualified states to assume primary enforcement authority. As of late 2025, the program achieved massive scale with **Louisiana (Feb 2024)** and **Texas (Dec 2025)** joining North Dakota and Wyoming as primacy states. The real-wor

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Regulatory Framework
Active

EU Directive on the Geological Storage of CO2 (CCS Directive)

European Union • 2009

## Policy Overview The EU CCS Directive (Directive 2009/31/EC) is the constitutional foundation of Europe's carbon management legal system. It establishes the highest regulatory standards for the safe geological sequestration of CO2 across the EU, ensuring environmental integrity and public safety. Its most celebrated provision is the **Long-term Liability Transfer mechanism**, which allows operators to hand over monitoring and remediation responsibilities to Member State governments after a

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Regulatory Framework
Active

EU CCS Directive (2009/31/EC)

European Union • 2009

Foundational legal framework for safe geological storage of CO2 in the EU.

Core baseline
Regulatory Framework
Active

North Dakota Century Code Chapter 38-22 (CCS Act)

United States • 2009

NDCC Chapter 38-22 is the pioneering state-level legislation that established North Dakota as the first jurisdiction in the US to receive EPA Class VI Primacy. The law formally defines **CO2 as a valuable commodity** and codifies the ownership and unitization of sub-surface pore space. Updated in 2024 to refine project completion protocols and the transfer of long-term liability, the Code serves as the 'North Dakota Model' for CCS governance. By designating carbon sequestration as a 'public use,

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Regulatory Framework
Active

Texas Natural Resources Code Chapter 121 (CO2 Stewardship)

United States • 2009

Legislation giving the Railroad Commission of Texas authority over anthropogenic CO2 and its geologic sequestration.

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Regulatory Framework
Active

Iceland Geologic Storage Act (Carbfix Mineralization)

Iceland • 1998

Icelandic implementation of CCS standards specifically tailored for in-situ carbon mineralization in basaltic rocks.

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